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TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE
Section 1
judicial vs judicious
说明:这两个形容词远非同义,只是形似词:前者是作“司法的”或“审判上的”讲,而后者则是“明智的”、“有见识的”和“谨慎的”的意思。
例如:the judicial department 司法部门; judicial powers 司法权; judicial proceedings 司法程序; judicial assembly 宣判大会; judicial capacity 法官身份;etc.
Judicious use of one's money 用钱得当; a judicious choice 挑选得法;judicious judgment 判断合理;in a judicious way 明智地
Section 2
kind vs sort
说明:除了少数几个固定短语和词组之外,这两个名词一般可以通用;但是,用作贬义,则以使用后者为宜。
例如:The blood-debt must be paid in kind. 血债要用血来偿。(不说…in sort)
I am out of sort today. 今天我有些不舒服。(不说…out of kind today)
比较:Every kind of work should be in the service of the four modernizations 每项工作都要为四个现代化服务。(用作褒义)
What a cheap sort of paper it is! 这种纸多么蹩脚呀!(用作贬义)
Section 3
Lately vs recently
说明:这两个副词可以当作同义词来看待,都作“不久”和“近来”讲,不同之处在于:前者多半用于否定和疑问两种结构;肯定结构,就得改用后者;而且,改用a short time ago, a few days ago 等一类状语也可以。
例如:Have you seen him lately?你近来见到他吗?(疑问句要用lately)
I haven't seen him lately.我近来没有见到他。(否定句要用lately)
I have seen him recently.我近来曾见到过他。(肯定句要用recently)
I saw him a short time ago. 我刚才见到他了。
I saw him a few days ago. 我几天前见到过他了。
Section 4
lighted vs lit
1.两者都是动词light 的过去式和过去分词形式,但在用法上有些分工:作“照明”或“偶尔发现”讲,要用前者;作其它解释,则要用后者。
例如:We were lighted on our way by a full moon. 我们一路上明月高照。
I have lighted upon the book I wanted. 我已物色到我所需要的那本书了。
Her face lit up with pleasure. 她满面春风。
After reading an article entitled” Cigarettes, Smoking and Your Health” I lit up a cigarette to calm my nerves. 读了以“卷烟、抽烟和健康”为题的文章,我点燃了一支烟来镇镇神。
比较:The house was lighted by electricity. 全屋子是用电来照明的。
2.用作定语,要用前者,不用后者。
比较:Here is a lighted match. 这是擦着了的火柴。
George has lit a match. Gorge已擦了一根火柴。
The match has been lit.火柴已擦着了。
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