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自考 Exercise 01

Blank filling

Choosing a suitable one from the following words and filling the blank

Passage 1

level, enough, forward, areas, rise, too, put, effect, up, number, influence, cold, dry, taken, amount

The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world's temperature has already gone 1) by half a degree this century, and the sea 2) has risen by ten centimeters. If the 3) of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the atmosphere doubles, there will probably be a 4) in Earth's temperature of between 1 and 4. This may seem a small increase, but it would be 5) to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large 6) of the world would be flooded, and some regions would become 7) and unable to produce crops. It is important, 8), to consider that there may be a delay of about thirty years in the greenhouse 9). This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases 10) into the atmosphere up to the 1960s. Since then, our use of these gases has greatly increased.

Passage 2

help, dress, learn, what, young, know, practice, spent, group, wear, afraid, who, older, person, paid

The Guardian Angels was started in 1979 in New York City by a man named Curtis Sliwa. It is a 11) of people that goes into the streets, buses, and subways to 12) stop crime before it happens. The group also helps 13) people. If an older person is 14) to go out at night, the Guardian Angels will go with that 15) . The Guardian Angels work in groups of eight. They 16) special red caps and T-shirts so people 17) who they are. Guardian Angels must work with the group for 10 hours a week, but they are not 18) any money. Anyone over the age of 16 19) is in school or working can join. Guardian Angels must take classes for two months to 20) what to do before they go out into the streets. Today there are Guardian Angels in many of the big cities of the United
States.

Passage 3

idea, of, where, when, in, government, images, proud, different, same, hear, changing, from, American, problems

There are also many ideas or concepts associated with the words United States. Some people think 21) a positive (积极的) concept, such as freedom, 22) they think of the United States. Other people think of a negative (消极的) concept, such as 23) involvement in other countries. Many Americans have both positive and negative 24) about their country. When they think of the lifestyle or the scenery they feel very positive and 25) of their country. But sometimes, when they think about the 26), they think about high taxes and international problems. Then they have negative feelings about the country.

These 27) and ideas are all impressions of a country, the United States. People from these impressions in many 28) ways. They see American products and advertisements. They read newspapers and 29) people talk about the United States. They probably see American movies and television shows. These impressions are always 30). As people receive more information, they adjust their images and concepts of a country.

Passage 4

understand, selections, for, facts, up, charge, country, tell, making, of, hard, easy, youth, opinions, given

Millions of words have been written about young people in the United States. There are reasons 31) this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and actions of 32). Today there are about seven million Americans in colleges and universities. Young persons under twenty-five make 33) nearly half of the American population. Many of these will soon be in 34) of the nation. Naturally their ideas are important to everyone in the 35), and it is necessary for older people to 36) what they think and feel.

College students today have strong 37) about right and wrong. They are deeply interested in 38) a better life for all people, especially for those who have not been 39) a fair chance before now. They see much that is wrong in the lives of their parents. It is 40) for them to see what is right and good in the older ways. As a result, there is often trouble in American families.

Passage 5

manners, little, ways, forget, supposed, short, necessary, likely, known, find, enough, remember, pleasant, agreement, hand

Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to ensure a 41) visit, find out as much as possible about the 42) and customs of your hosts. A visitor to India would do well to 43) that people there consider it impolite to use the left 44) for passing food at table. The left hand is 45) to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, a shake of the head is a gesture that signifies 46) or acceptance. Nodding your head when offered drink in Bulgaria is 47) to leave you thirsty. In that country you shake your head to signify "yes" -- a nod indicates "no". Arabs are 48) for their great hospitality. At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will 49) that any drinking vessel (容器) is repeatedly refilled as soon as you drain (喝光) it. The way to indicate you have had 50) is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top.

Passage 6

after, growing, clear, places, achievements, taken, liking, knowledge, areas, before, idea, began, moving, progress, where

In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest growing U.S. minority. As their children began 51) up through the nation's schools, it became 52) that a new class of academic achievers was emerging (出现). Their 53) are reflected in the nation's best universities 54) mathematics, science, engineering departments have 55) on a decidedly Asian character. This special 56) for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who 57) their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no 58) of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job 59) college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in 60) like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.

Passage 7

changing, whole, natural, most, as, well, good, between, which, among, same, easy, explanations, ways, for

Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit motionless before his class: he stands the 61) time while teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his 62), and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 63) according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a 64) teacher has some of the gift of a good actor doesn't mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, 65) there are very important differences 66) the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words 67) he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the 68) words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the 69) in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 70) on the stage

Passage 8

do, receive, realized, of, discussed, discovered, went, Although, believe, about, with, remember, for, work

Just two months ago, Ana, a teenager (少年), was preparing for an important exam. Winners would 71) scholarships (奖学金) and be able to study in the United States. Ana knew her grades were excellent, but she 72) that she must do well on the exams in order to qualify (取得资格) for the '3,000 stipend (生活补贴). Although Ana had worried 73) the interview of the exam, she 74) through with great success. She spoke to the American interviews about her family background and 75) her educational plans with them. Her hard 76) paid off, for she was one of twenty awarded a four-year scholarship earlier this month.

Now Ana cannot 77) that she is sitting in a business management (管理) class at the University of California at Los Angeles. 78) she has had seven years of English language classes, Ana is having difficulty 79) the text and lectures because there are so many new words and technical definitions to 80). Ana is finding it difficult to understand the professor. Now she must work twice as hard to maintain her high grades.

Passage 9

trying, happy, cook, electricity, directly, need, power, limited, concentrating, if, goes, increasing, meet, scarce, which

A young housewife in Mexico lifts the lid of a pot to see 81) the food she is cooking is done. She is especially interested in her dinner because she is 82) a new kind of cooker -- one that gets its heat 83) from the sun. A simple reflecting device is gathering the sun's rays and 84) them so that they are hot enough to boil water and cook food. The housewife is 85) to have the new cooker because it will reduce her 86) bill; also, if the sun is shining, she can use it if the electricity in the house 87) off and she is not able to use her electric stove.

Since about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly 88) rate. The supply of these fuels is limited, and electric power is very 89) in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only source which can 90) the world's enormous need for power.

Passage 10

dreaming, loving, means, cause, life, happy, made, great, free, feeling, toward, passed, turned, reason, fell

The prisoner had waited many months for help, but none had come. Now he felt he would do anything to gain his liberty (自由)，to be 91) again to go about the world as he wished. But he could think of no 92) of escape.

He spent many hours thinking of his 93) before he was captured, regretting the mistake he had made and 94) of the joys he had known. And over and over he said to himself that he was being punished for no 95). He was guilty of no crime, but had not been given a chance to explain the events which 96) it appear that he was guilty.

Then one night the guard who sat just outside the prisoner's door 97) asleep. When he noticed this, the prisoner was struck by a 98) of hope. Perhaps he could steal the keys while the guard was dozing (打盹).

Silently the prisoner moved 99) the guard. Very gently he lifted the ring of keys from the guard's belt. Then he turned and moved quietly toward the door. Could he work the lock from the inside? The key 100) and the door swung open. Within two minutes he had crossed the yard and climbed the wall. Then he fled across the fields, free at last, a smile of joy beginning to spread across his face.

Passage 11

providing, with, reason, which, effective, offered, disease, against, of, work

Dr Simon Maxwell, who graduated in medicine in 1986, has shown that drinking red wine helps to combat heart disease. Red wine provide protection 101) heart disease because it improves antioxidant (抗氧) activity in the blood. And the red wine is ten to twenty times more powerful in 102) antioxidant protection than human blood itself.

To test the idea, twelve university students 103) their help to medical science and sat down to a meal washed down 104) three large glasses of Bordeaux. Four hours later, the scientists found that the red wine was still at 105) in their veins providing significant protection against the effects of cholesterol (胆固醇).

Simon Maxwell is careful not to recommend wine drinking for health 106), because 107) the other undesirable effects of alcohol. He hopes that the research may enable scientists to isolate the elements 108) have good effects so that they can be provided, perhaps as tablets, with no damaging effect on the liver or brain.

The news is not so good for those who prefer other drinks. White wine is only five to ten times as 109) as blood in resisting oxidization and beer is even less effective.

It was the fact that French eat as much cholesterol as the British but have a quarter of the amounts of heart 110) which prompted (促使) the research.

Passage 12

over, describe, talk, falls, tell, climate, speak, rain, in, Weather, season, but, Climate, temperature, go

Look outside. Is the sun shining? Is it raining, windy, or cloudy? Is it cold or warm? When you answer these questions, you are 111) the weather. The weather is the condition of the air at any one moment or on a particular day. 112) is something different. Climate means the weather on an average day or 113) a long period of time. For example, in Shanghai, the climate is usually hot and wet in the summer and mild and wet in the winter.

When we 114) about weather or climate, we are talking mainly about two things. First, we are talking about the 115), or how much heat is in the air. Second, we are talking about the amount of precipitation, or water, that 116) from the air. This water can be rain, snow, sleet, hail, or fog.

When you describe the weather, you 117) people about temperature and precipitation. You might say "It's cold and snowy." Or, "It's hot, and the sun is shining." When you describe the 118), you are saying what the weather is like during a 119) of the year. You might say "The winters here are not very cold 120) it rains a lot." Or, "The winters are very cold, an it snows a lot."

Passage 13

supply, happy, few, with, growing, arrange, students, give, live, It, like, any, of, time, make

There is a growing network of school alumni groups all over the world. Some consist of a 121) friends who meet together socially from time to 122). Others, like some of the groups described on these pages, have a more formal structure, 123) regular meetings and a plan of activities. Whatever the arrangement, the school is 124) to help all such groups. The Alumni Office ca offer support in a number 125) ways. It can help to put you in touch with old friends and other alumni who 126) near you now or were in your department. It can 127) campus visits and accommodation, provide speakers for events, 128) information and videos about the school, and generally help out with the hard work. If you would 129) to know more, write to the Alumni Office. If you are interested in learning more about 130) of the groups listed here, the person named as contact would be delighted to hear from
you.

Passage 14

living, However, to, in, want, as, eager, use, produce, with, better, long, argue, developed, might

In recent years, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. New medicines and machines are being 131) every day to extend life. 132), some people, including some doctors, are not 133) favor of these life-extending measures, and they 134) that people should have the right to die when they 135). They say that the quality of life is as important 136) life itself, and that people should not be forced to go on 137) when the conditions of life have become unbearable. They say people should be allowed to die with dignity (尊严) and 138) decide when they want to die. Others argue that life under any condition is 139) than death and that the duty of doctors is always to extend life as 140) as possible. And so the battle goes on and on without a definite answer.

Passage 15

go, washing, after, interest, wishes, playing, who, how, earn, pleasures, happiness, life, own, up, easy

How often one hears children wishing they were grow up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its 141) and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without 142) his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities (责任) to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked 143) ever again in his 144) be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child -- things that have lost their 145) for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he 146) to do; he is continually being told not to do things or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to 147) his own living, he can no longer expect work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time 148) about in the way that he used to as a child, he will 149) hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great 150) of building up for himself his own position in society.