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职称考（财经类） Test 01

Test 1

第一部分
词汇（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

下面共有20个句子，每小题后面有四个选项。其中1—10题的每个句子中有一处空白，请从四个选项中选择一个正确答案填入句子的空白处；11—20题的每个句子中均有一个词或词组划有底横线，请从四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义相近的词或词组代替或解释句中的划线部分。答案一律写在试卷相应的位置上。

1. The committee finally _______ a conclusion after three days' discussion.
A. achieved
B. reached
C. decided
D. arrived
正确答案是

2. The ________ against us is that we are biased.
A. accusation
B. exaggeration
C. flattery
D. threat
正确答案是

3. The service has given my car a new _________ of life.
A. hope
B. lease
C. vigor
D. warranty
正确答案是

4. The car industry is notoriously _________ to strikes.
A. capable
B. prone
C. trendy
D. versatile
正确答案是

5. The history of train transport has partly been a history of _____ for greater efficiency.
A. striding
B. striking
C. striving
D. stripping
正确答案是

6. When two people feel the same way about each other, their feelings are _______.
A. identical
B. mutual
C. visible
D. typical
正确答案是

7. Mary has been waiting for John to _____________, but John simply couldn't call up his courage to face Mary's parents.
A. motion
B. dictate
C. propose
D. offer
正确答案是

8. He is an ______________ man and will soon be used to the new environment.
A. adaptable
B. adjustable
C. adoptable
D. adorable
正确答案是

9. It's impossible to ______________ how our actions will affect the future.
A. foresee
B. forget
C. forgive
D. feel
正确答案是

10. The news, though not wholly bad, was so _____________ that I could no longer concentrate on my work.
A. disastrous
B. anxious
C. regretful
D. disturbing
正确答案是

11. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.
A. confuses
B. excites
C. scares
D. diverts
正确答案是

12. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.
A. strange
B. certain
C. inconsistent
D. proper
正确答案是

13.    Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes.
A. Simultaneously
B. almost
C. Absolutely
D. Basically
正确答案是

14. Of the planets in this solar system, Mercury is nearest the Sun.
A. most like
B. dimmer than
C. closest to
D. as hot as
正确答案是

15. The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.
A. location
B. view
C. event
D. landscape
正确答案是

16. Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university's official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.
A. borrowed
B. purchased
C. copied
D. rewritten
正确答案是

17. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur.
A. drying up
B. dying out
C. being exported
D. being transplanted
正确答案是

18. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, Gangstes such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.
A. violent criminals
B. politicians
C. musicians
D. industrialists
正确答案是

19. The old lady has let her flat to an English couple.
A. suggested
B. sold
C. rented
D. offered
正确答案是

20. The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.
A. argued
B. predicted
C. said
D. suggested
正确答案是

第二部分
阅读理解（共25题，每小题2分，共50分）

下面有五篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题，每个问题都有四个备选答案。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从四个备选答案中选择一个最佳答案。答案一律写在试卷相应的位置上。

第一篇

Corporate Chains

The major forms of ownership in retailing are corporate chain, independent, and vertical marketing system (VMS). Within the VMS category are several types of organization: wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains, retailer-owned cooperatives, and franchise system.
A corporate chain, sometimes called a chain-store system, is an organization of two or more centrally owned and managed stores that generally handle the same lines of products. Three factors differentiate a chain from an independent store and contractual vertical marketing system:

Technically, two or more units constitute a chain. Many small merchants that have opened several units in shopping centers and newly populated areas do not think of themselves as chains, however. Consequently, it might be more meaningful to consider a larger number of units as a reasonable minimum when categorizing a retailer as a chain. (The Bureau of the Census considers
11 units to be the minimum size for a chain.)
Central ownership distinguishes corporate chains from contractual vertical marketing systems. Due to centralized management, individual units in a chain typically have little autonomy. Strategic decisions are made at headquarters, and there is considerable standardization of operating.
Corporate chains continue to increase their share of total retail trade. The predominance of chains varies considerably, however, depending on the kind of business. Chains dominate in the department store business but are not very significant among auto and home supply stores. In the grocery field there are several giant firms, yet chains account for less than 60 percent of sales made by grocery stores. Essentially chains are large-scale retailing institutions. As such, they possess the comparative strengths and weaknesses.

21. According to passage, corporate chain _____________
A. belongs to the category of VMS.
B. is made up of wholesaler-sponsored voluntary chains and some others.
C. is an independent form of ownership in retailing.
D. in an important form of ownership in retailing.
正确答案是

22. The passage says that, generally speaking, two stores of the same corporate chain _____________
A. seldom sell different kinds of products.
B. seldom sell the same lines of products.
C. feature different lines of products.
D. are of the same size.
正确答案是

23. The corporate chain differs significantly from the contractual vertical marketing system in that _____________
A. the latter is centrally owned and therefore has little autonomy.
B. the former is centrally owned and therefore has little autonomy.
C. the former is managed centrally and therefore is more profitable.
D. the latter is managed locally and therefore is more profitable.
正确答案是

24. The market share of corporate chain varies ______________
A. as the location of business varies.
B. depending on the stock of products.
C. as the nature of business varies.
D. depending on the business scope.
正确答案是

25. It can be concluded from this passage that _______________
A. corporate chains are more profitable than independent stores.
B. generally a corporate chain consists of two or three or even four units.
C. a high degree of standardization is the hallmark of a chain of retail stores.
D. a corporate chain has more weaknesses than strengths.
正确答案是

第二篇

Transportation

In shipping goods to its warehouses, dealers, and customers, the company can choose among five
transportation modes: rail, water, truck, pipeline, and air.

Despite their shrinking share of total transportation, railroads remain the nation's largest carrier, accounting for 30 percent of total cargo ton-miles. Railroads are one of the most cost-effective modes for shipping large amounts of bulk products — coal, sand, minerals, farm and forest products — over long distances.

A large amount of goods moves by ships and barges on coastal and inland waterways. The cost of water transportation is very low for shipping bulky, low-value, nonperishable products such as sand, coal, grain, oil, and metallic ores. On the other hand, water transportation is the slowest transportation mode and is sometimes affected by the weather.

Trucks have steadily increased their share of transportation and now account for 21 percent of total cargo ton-miles. They account for the largest portion of transportation within cities as opposed to between cities. Trucks are highly flexible in their routing and time schedules. They can move goods door to door, saving shippers the need to transfer goods from truck to rail and back again at a loss of time and risk of theft of damage. Trucks are efficient for short hauls of high-value merchandise. Their rates are competitive with railway rates in many cases, and they can usually offer faster service.

Pipelines are a specialized means of shipping petroleum, coal, and chemicals from sources to markets. Pipeline shipment of petroleum products costs less than rail shipment but more than water shipment. Most pipelines are used by their owners to ship their own products.
Air carriers transport less than 1 percent of the nation's goods but are becoming more important as a transportation mode. Although air freight rates are much higher than rail or truck rates, air freight is ideal where speed is needed or distant markets have to be reached. Companies find that air freight reduces inventory levels, number of warehouses, and costs of packaging.

26. The passage describes ________________
A. advantages and disadvantages of the five transportation modes.
B. the ideal mode of transportation.
C. the efficiency and cost of the modes of transportation available.
D. the share of transportation by each mode.
正确答案是

27. Compared with railroads, truck has all but one of the following advantages: ______
A. Flexible in routing and timing.
B. Reducing theft and damage.
C. Lower in cost.
D. Used for short distance transportation.
正确答案是

28. When the goods to be transported are large in amount, which modes of transportation should be used?
A.    Rail and truck.
B.    Water and truck.
C.    Water and air.
D.    Water and rail.
正确答案是

29. What is NOT true of pipeline?
A.    The kind of goods transported by it is limited.
B.    It costs more than any other modes of transportation.
C.    It costs less than some mode of transportation.
D.    It is used mainly by the owner.
正确答案是

30.    Air transportation is all but one of the following: _________________
A.    It is becoming important as the cost is getting lower.
B.    It is the best when goods need to be delivered quickly.
C.    There is no need of having a great number of warehouses to hold goods.
D.    It reduces costs of packaging.
正确答案是

第三篇

The Greatest Show on Earth

The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sport in the world. Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics — to take part is what matters.

The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first. For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. The team of the country where the Games are being held — the host country — marches in last.

The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame. A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display.

The competitions begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field, but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport — riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams.

More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women's swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now, they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.

31.    Why is there honor for losers as well as for the winners?
A.    Because failure is the mother of success.
B.    Because losers need encouragement too.
C.    Because losers and winners should be equally treated.
D.    Because what really matters is to take part in the Olympic Games.
正确答案是

32.    Which of the following is a long-established practice in the opening ceremony?
A.    Runners enter the stadium with torches.
B.    Each team has to put on a wonderful display.
C.    The Greek team marches in first.
D.    Men and women wear magnificent clothes.
正确答案是

33.    Who takes the Olympic oath?
A.    A judge from the host country.
B.    An official from the host country.
C.    A Greek sportsman.
D.    A sportsman from the host country.
正确答案是

34.    What are the most important events in the Olympic Games?
A.    The track and field events.
B.    The horse-riding events.
C.    The swimming events.
D.    The boat-racing events.
正确答案是

35.    When did women start taking part in the Olympic Games?
A.    In 1912.
B.    In 1900.
C.    In 1928.
D.    In 1924.
正确答案是

第四篇

Emily Mason and George Peters

Emily Mason and George Peters have lived next door to each other as long as they can remember. When they were little children, they played together a great deal. They were good friends, although they sometimes fought over toys or quarreled about what game they would play. As they grew older, they played together less. Emily preferred to be with other girls, and George preferred to play with boys. When they were about fifteen years old, they almost stopped speaking to each other, not because they had disagreed with each other about anything, but just because they belonged to different groups. For one thing, Emily was developing into a very good student, while George was more interested in sports. Emily had begun to study French, and she liked to practise translating simple conversations from French into English. She even tried writing a movie script based on a French novel she had read. In fact, there was not much to be laughed about in the book, but Emily enjoyed working on her script. At one time she thought of corresponding with the author of the novel, but she was too shy to write to him. She also liked television programs, and for some reason she especially enjoyed watching baseball games. Her mother used to say, "Emily, I've never heard of a girl who liked baseball as much as you do." Mrs. Mason simply did not approve of her daughter's interest. Baseball, she felt, was for men and boys.

While Emily was working on her French lessons or watching baseball games on TV, George was working for his father in his drugstore after school. He liked selling things to people. Mr. Peters found George so helpful that he thought about increasing his wages from 50 cents an hour to 75 cents. George spoke of studying pharmacy when he went to college. When George wasn't working at the drugstore, he was likely to be with a group of his boy friends who were building a club-house out of old lumber.

Actually, it was baseball that brought Emily and George back together. When George was going home one afternoon, he looked in the window of Emily's living room and he saw that she was watching a baseball game on TV. He walked up the steps and knocked at the door. Emily was surprised to see him, but she asked him to come in, and they watched the rest of the game together. Some time during the afternoon, George looked at Emily, and he noticed that she had changed into a very pretty young lady. Emily and George are good friends again. They still argue about things sometimes, but they agree with each other that baseball is the world's best game. Mrs. Mason doesn't seem to disapprove of her daughter's interest in baseball as much as she used to.

36.    Why did Emily and George play less often as they grew older?
A.    Because they ceased to like each other.
B.    Because they belonged to different groups.
C.    Because their parents belonged to different groups.
D.    Because their parents disapproved of their playing together.
正确答案是

37. The phrase "corresponding with" in the first paragraph means
A.    speaking to.
B.    meeting with.
C.    discussing with.
D.    writing to.
正确答案是

38.    What was Mrs. Mason's attitude towards her daughter's interest in baseball?
A.    Disapproving.
B.    Indifferent.
C.    Encouraging.
D.    Threatening.
正确答案是

39.    What was George doing while Emily was watching baseball games on TV?
A.    He was working for his future.
B.    He was selling things to people.
C.    He was working part-time for his father.
D.    He was building a club-house.
正确答案是

40.    What does the change in Mrs. Mason's attitude towards her daughter's interest suggest?
A.    She thinks baseball is beneficial to her daughter.
B.    She approves of her daughter's making friends with George.
C.    She has taken an interest in baseball herself.
D.    She regards baseball as a sport not only for men but also for women.
正确答案是

第五篇

Advertising

Advertising is non-personal persuasive communication paid for by the organization or person using
it and transmitted by one or more kinds of media. It is pervasive in our economy: '60 billion were spent for it in 1982 alone. With so many advertising messages, many go unperceived by the consumers and the quest for uniqueness is near impossible in some industries. Yet, few firms can afford not to do some advertising. Goals of advertising are not limited to trying to influence customers; motivating employees and distributors may be fully as important.

The major media used for advertising are newspapers, television, direct mail, magazines, and radio. Each has strengths and weaknesses. Newspapers still are the major medium in volume of advertising expenditures, with TV the fastest growing. In attempting to develop distinctive advertisements, the creators may try to come up with a unique selling proposition, with a single product attribute or customer benefit emphasized that can afford a competitive advantage. Advertising agencies are even used by firms that have their own advertising departments in order to provide creative expertise. The agencies are independent firms who receive most of their income from commissions paid by the media.

The major management problems having to do with advertising are how much money to spend, how to allocate it, how to schedule the advertising, and how to measure its effectiveness. Despite attempts to use model building for some of these decisions, they are quite complex and have many variables and unclear relationships. For example, even evaluating the effectiveness of advertising is uncertain at best and usually must rely on such indirect measures as memo ability of an ad or campaign, rather than direct sales variations.

Advertising has been subject to considerable criticism, and certainly we can wonder at the waste of advertising when '60 billion a year, and growing, is spent for this. Both the advertising industry and government watchdog organizations, in particular the Federal Trade Commission, act to curb the worst abuses of advertising. Despite the criticisms of advertising, we are far better off with it, Even Russia has been forced to turn to advertising in order to stimulate its economy and maintain reasonable quality of its products.

41.    The goals of advertising, according to the first paragraph, include _______________
A.    trying to influence customers.
B.    motivating employees and distributors.
C.    trying to influence customers and motivating employees and distributors.
D.    trying to influence customers and seeking for uniqueness.
正确答案是

42.    Unique proposition, as mentioned in the second paragraph, is unique in the sense that ________________
A. it is created from the point of product attribute and customer benefit.
B.    it emphasizes the attributes of a product and benefits for the customer.
C.    it emphasizes only one attribute of a product that has an advantage over the competing products.
D.    it has only one product attribute or customer benefit but it has advantages in the competition.
正确答案是

43. Despite attempts to use model building for some of these decisions, they are quite complex and have many variables and unclear relationships. Here "they" refers to _______________
A.    attempts.
B.    decisions.
C.    advertising management problems.
D.    measurements of effectiveness.
正确答案是

44. What is the attitude of the writer toward the enormous spending on advertising in 1992?
A.    Approving.
B.    Disapproving.
C.    Disappointed.
D.    Amused.
正确答案是

45. Russia is used as an example to illustrate ________________
A.    the point that advertising is a useful means of stimulating economy.
B.    the better off situation in Russia.
C.    the fact the criticism of advertising is not reasonable.
D.    the fact that advertising is a prosperous industry.
正确答案是
　
第三部分
完成句子（共5题，每小题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，根据短文的内容，完成句子。每个句子的空格处只准填写一个单词。有的单词的第一个字母已经给出，请将其余的字母补全。答案一律写在试卷的空格处。

Television in the USA

Thirty-four percent of the world's television sets are in the USA. But it is not fair that some foreigners have concluded that American TV has great power and can make or break well-known people in front of the camera. There are a thousand stations in the 50 states, and in most places there is a choice of five or six channels. The major networks （National Broadcasting Company, Columbia Broadcasting System and the American Broadcasting Company） introduce a lot of new shows of every kind. Those dramas, soap operas, talk shows, news shows, and sport shows which are successful, are relayed throughout America and are often sold abroad. Roots, by the black writer Alex Haley, for example, was sold all over the world.

Nearly all TV in the USA is commercial, and programs are interrupted every quarter of an hour or so for advertisements. These breaks make people upset, especially during some exciting action in a good film. However, commercials do make it possible to show programs on TV that are expensive to produce.

There is one channel where there are no commercial breaks. Programs on this channel are run by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and can be seen all over the USA. Although the PBS gets a grant from the government, the government does not interfere in any way in the organization of its programs. There are programs on everyday affairs, music, the arts, as well as serious discussions on all kinds of topics. Some programs are supported by companies or institutions, but these organizations are not allowed to influence the content of a program.

46.    The conclusion drawn by some foreigners that America has a television culture is not f.
47.    A great number of new shows are introduced by the leading n in the USA.
48.    There is just one c without breaks for advertisements in the USA.
49.    While people are watching TV programs, breaks for advertisements can make them s.
50.    Although some companies supply money for some programs, they are not p to influence the content of the programs in any way.

第四部分
选择填空（共20题，每小题1分，共20分）

阅读下面的短文，文中有20处空白，每个空白处有四个选项。请根据短文的内容从四个选项中选一个最佳答案。答案一律写在试卷相应的位置上。

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Before 1933, and particularly 51)____________ the period 1929-33, bank failures were not uncommon. 52)_____________ a bank overextended itself in creating credit or if several of its important loans could not be 53)_____________, depositors in the bank would frequently become panicky and 54)____________ to make large withdrawals. 55)____________ the bank had only a small number of its deposits backed by currency, the bank would soon be unable to meet withdrawals, and most depositors 56)____________ their money. Most frequently a bank merely needed time to improve its cash position by 57)____________ some of its loans and not making additional ones. In 1933, the number of bank failures 58)____________ a peak, forcing the federal government to intervene and 59)____________ the banks temporarily. To help restore the public's confidence 60)____________ banks and strengthen the banking community, Congress passed legislation setting 61)____________ the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 62)____________ corporation, an agency of the federal government, now insures over 90 percent of all mutual savings and commercial bank deposits for 63)____________ '100,000 per deposit. The FDIC has 64)____________ its insurance fund by charging member institutions one-twelfth of 1 percent of their total deposits.
As a result of the protection 65)____________ by the FDIC and through other kinds of supervision, bank failures have been 66)____________ to a few isolated instances. When deposits are federally insured, people 67)____________ rush to withdraw their money if they 68)____________ the financial condition of their bank. The delay gives the banks the necessary time to adjust their cash credit balance, and this action helps to reduce the 69)____________ of bankruptcy. For an example of the value of the FDIC, note that the failure in 1974 of the huge Franklin National Bank did not 70)____________ a panic, and that depositors lost no money as Franklin was taken over by another bank.

51.
A.    in
B.    during
C.    about
D.    at
正确答案是

52.
A.    Although
B.    Even if
C.    If
D.    Because
正确答案是

53.
A.    repaid
B.    deposited
C.    found
D.    saved
正确答案是

54.
A.    have begun
B.    begin
C.    can begin
D.    will begin
正确答案是

55.
A.    Because
B.    Because of
C.    As a result
D.    Considering
正确答案是

56.
A.    lost
B.    had lost
C.    will lose
D.    would lose
正确答案是

57.
A.    calling on
B.    calling for
C.    calling off
D.    calling in
正确答案是

58.
A.    fell from
B.    reached
C.    climbed up
D.    arrived
正确答案是

59.
A.    closed
B.    closing
C.    close
D.    has closed
正确答案是

60.
A.    to
B.    in
C.    of
D.    into
正确答案是

61.
A.    in
B.    about
C.    up
D.    to
正确答案是

62.
A.    For the
B.    This
C.    As a
D.    A
正确答案是

63.
A.    up to
B.    as much
C.    as many as
D.    equal
正确答案是

64.
A.    built up
B.    build up
C.    built
D.    build
正确答案是

65.
A.    provided
B.    providing
C.    provided with
D.    provided by
正确答案是

66.
A.    growing
B.    increased
C.    reduced
D.    disappeared
正确答案是

67.
A.    no
B.    any more
C.    no longer
D.    not
正确答案是

68.
A.    become concerned about
B.    become concerned with
C.    become concerned in
D.    concern
正确答案是

69.
A.    likely
B.    possibility
C.    possibly
D.    opportunity
正确答案是

70.
A.    touch up
B.    touch down
C.    touch off
D.    touch on
正确答案是